Meet the metal detectorists saving marriages.


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It's 09:00 on a cold, wintry Sunday morning and a strong wind is blasting across a recently ploughed farmer's field.
We are somewhere down a beaten track on the Purbeck clifftops along the UK's south coast. The landscape is deserted, with the exception of one determined man with his metal detector… and me.
Flying instructor Richard Higham is a treasure-hunter in his spare time, and he is convinced this particular field is a "hotspot" for relics from the past.
He points out the visual clues which suggest somebody once called this deserted, exposed spot their home.
Burial mounds, pottery shards, flint and overgrown but still distinctive stripes along the slopes of the landscape - the remainder of an ancient farming method.

His metal detector - a middle-of-the-range model compete with GPS - goes on and we begin our march, hunched into the wind.
Richard Higham, metal detectorist Metal detectorist Richard Higham hunts for buried treasure on the clifftops of Dorset
Mr Higham ignores most of the machine's many burbles and squeaks - it can differentiate between various metals and most are not worth unearthing.
We could be here for some time, he warns.
"On a good day you might find eight artefacts. Around 25% of those finds will be any good."
His longest treasure-hunting session lasted 14 hours, but on this occasion either luck or Mr Higham's detective skills are on our side.
Within 45 minutes his metal detector emits a high-pitched, wavering sound like an electric guitar being tuned - and shortly after I'm holding a tiny, green mis-shapen coin in the palm of my hand.
coin found metal detecting Our find: a coin around 1,800 years old
Richard Higham guesses the copper piece, complete with a distinctive Roman emperor's head gazing back at us, was made somewhere between 160-260AD.
"You are the first person in 1,800 years to hold that coin in your hand," he says dramatically.
It's certainly a thrill, but for Mr Higham treasure-hunting extends beyond a personal fascination with history.
Rings reunited He belongs to a global collective called The Ring Finders - an online directory of more than 250 metal detectorists who try to reunite people with lost jewellery. All that most of them ask for in return is travel costs and a donation to charity.
It was founded by Chris Turner, who lives in Vancouver.
He keeps a video blog of his successful reunions, and claims the Ring Finders have retrieved more than 1,500 pieces of jewellery worth a total of $3.6m since he launched in 2009.
Man on beach with metal detector Metal detectorists have become a common sight at the end of the day on some beaches
Recalling the case of a woman who lost a diamond wedding band, he identified a common cause of misplaced rings.
"...she got mad at her husband and tossed the ring into a grassy area by the college," he wrote in a blog post.
"Believe it or not that is a very common thing that people do. You never see many people on my videos talking about this because they don't want to be seen or talk about such a search."
Mr Higham also recalls a couple who called in his services after a ring had apparently ended up in a river after a row - but all was not as it seemed.
"It was the man who rang me. Then she rang me back and said she hadn't actually thrown the ring, she'd pawned it," he says.
She wanted to get a replica made for him to "find" as arranged.
"I decided not to get involved in that one," Mr Higham says diplomatically.
All that glitters While many in the metal detecting community are not in it for the money, it's an industry that's proving fruitful for the manufacturers of their tools.
One of the big brands, Minelab, reported revenue of $70m in 2012 from sales in its three core divisions - consumer metal detectors, equipment for small scale gold miners, and countermining - or the hunt for unexploded IEDs.
Brazilian soldier searches for buried weapons in a slum Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Metal detectors are vital for finding hidden mines and other buried threats - here, a Brazilian soldier searches for buried weapons in a slum Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
"The consumer business covers primarily hobbyist metal detecting. Historically people would have termed it a first world activity - America, Western Europe, Australia," says regional sales manager Vincent O'Brien.
"We're now seeing growth in new territories - Russia is a big market for us, Eastern Europe, Latin and South America."
Detecting equipment for small scale mining for gold nuggets is growing in popularity across Africa, Asia and South America, he added.
"You could say over the last maybe five to seven years gold has shot up significantly, that interest in gold has reflected in the interest in our machines. There is probably an awareness of the value of gold in Africa where perhaps there wasn't before, in some countries gold was always there but it was ignored when diamonds were in vogue shall we say."
A report by media organisation Business Africa which featured Minelab found that for some amateur metal detectorists in Africa, the rewards could be life changing.
One treasure-hunter in Burkina Faso, named only as Souleymane, said he had found enough gold to purchase three plots of land, three motorbikes and three more metal detectors... in addition to putting his 10 children into school.
Hunting for gold in Sudan Metal detecting is becoming more popular in Africa, specifically for hunting gold - as this Sudanese man is doing
This man is hunting for the legendary gold hoard of Francisco Solano Lopez, a Paraguyan military hero It's not just Africa where the hunt for gold is driving metal detector sales. This man is hunting for the legendary gold hoard of Francisco Solano Lopez, a Paraguyan military hero
Magnetic magic But has the humble metal detector really evolved that much?
Alexander Graham Bell designed and used a metal detecting device in 1881 - and he wasn't the first.
Fundamentally metal detectors work by generating an electromagnetic field which is transmitted into the ground. Any metal that comes into contact with it generates its own field which the detector picks up.
"In recent years there has been a lot of advancement both in the machines and the type of people using them," says Vincent O'Brien.
"Traditionally our typical customer was male, middle-aged, semi-retired - that image of metal detecting on the beach.
"Nearly all the newer machines have digital interface, they're lighter, easier to use. Our more recent machines have in built-in GPS that you can use in conjunction with Google maps, and wireless capabilities."
Whether the new connectivity is actually translating into increased treasure finding is debatable, according to Dr Michael Lewis who looks after the Portable Antiquities Scheme run by the British Museum.
Launched in 1997, it aims to keep records of amateur finds around the UK - and recently recorded its one millionth find.
Dr Michael Lewis Dr Michael Lewis with a 15th century Pilgrims badge, a find sent by an amateur metal detectorist to the Portable Antiquities Scheme
"Manufacturers will say their machines are getting better and better, but the reality is it's technique I think," said Dr Lewis.
"You come across some detectorists who are very good at finding stuff, others spend ages in a field and find nothing."
But whatever your equipment, if your dream is to find actual treasure (defined in the UK by the 1966 Treasure Act - it does not include individual coins) you need more than Google maps on your side.
"Last year at the Portable Antiquities Scheme we recorded 80,000 finds," he said.
"Maybe 1000 were precious metals. People do find the odd silver coin but the amazing archaeological discoveries are quite rare."
bbc.

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Perhaps the most notable was King Hussein of Jordan. Continue reading the main story Find out more Matthew Teller presents Sandhurst and the Sheikhs, a Whistledown production for BBC Radio 4, on Wednesday 27 August 2014 at 11:00 BST It will be available on iPlayer shortly after broadcast Four reigning Arab monarchs are graduates of Sandhurst and its affiliated colleges - King Abdullah of Jordan, King Hamad of Bahrain, Sheikh Tamim, Emir of Qatar, and Sultan Qaboos of Oman. Past monarchs include Sheikh Saad, Emir of Kuwait, and Sheikh Hamad, Emir of Qatar. Sandhurst's links have continued from the time when Britain was the major colonial power in the Gulf. "One thing the British were excellent at was consolidating their rule through spectacle," says Habiba Hamid, former foreign policy strategist to the rulers of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. "Pomp, ceremony, displays of military might, shock and awe - they all originate from the British military relationship." Sheikh Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa, King Abdullah, Sultan Qaboos Sandhurst alumni: King Hamad of Bahrain, King Abdullah of Jordan and Sultan Qaboos of Oman It's a place where future leaders get to know each other, says Michael Stephens, deputy director of the Royal United Services Institute, Qatar. And Sandhurst gives the UK influence in the Gulf. "The [UK] gets the kind of attention from Gulf policy elites that countries of our size, like France and others, don't get. It gives us the ability to punch above our weight. "You have people who've spent time in Britain, they have… connections to their mates, their teachers. Familiarity in politics is very beneficial in the Gulf context." "For British people who are drifting around the world, as I did as a soldier," says Brigadier Peter Sincock, former defence attache to Saudi Arabia, "you find people who were at Sandhurst and you have an immediate rapport. I think that's very helpful, for example, in the field of military sales." The Emir of Dubai Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum with his son after his Passing Out Parade at Sandhurst in 2006 Sheikh Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Emir of Dubai, with his son in uniform at Sandhurst in 2006 Her Majesty The Queen's Representative His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, The Emir of Qatar inspects soldiers during the 144th Sovereign's Parade held at The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on April 8, 2004 in Camberley, England. Some 470 Officer cadets took part of which 219 were commissioned into the British Army Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the Emir of Qatar until 2013, inspects soldiers at Sandhurst in 2004 Emotion doesn't always deliver. In 2013, despite the personal intervention of David Cameron, the UAE decided against buying the UK's Typhoon fighter jets. But elsewhere fellow feeling is paying dividends. "The Gulf monarchies have become important sources of capital," says Jane Kinninmont, deputy head of the Middle East/North Africa programme at the foreign affairs think tank Chatham House. "So you see the tallest building in London being financed by the Qataris, you see UK infrastructure and oilfield development being financed by the UAE. There's a desire - it can even seem like a desperation - to keep them onside for trade reasons." British policy in the Gulf is primarily "mercantile", says Dr Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, of the Baker Institute in Houston, Texas. Concerns over human rights and reform are secondary. The Shard at dusk The Shard was funded by Qatari investors In 2012 Sandhurst accepted a £15m donation from the UAE for a new accommodation block, named the Zayed Building after that country's founding ruler. In March 2013, Sandhurst's Mons Hall - a sports centre - was reopened as the King Hamad Hall, following a £3m donation from the monarch of Bahrain, who was educated at one of Sandhurst's affiliated colleges. The renaming proved controversial, partly because of the perceived slight towards the 1,600 British casualties at the Battle of Mons in August 1914 - and partly because of how Hamad and his government have dealt with political protest in Bahrain over the last three years. A critic might note that the third term of Sandhurst's Officer Commissioning Course covers counter-insurgency techniques and ways to manage public disorder. Since tension between Bahrain's majority Shia population and minority Sunni ruling elite boiled over in 2011, more than 80 civilians have died at the hands of the security forces, according to opposition estimates, though the government disputes the figures. Thirteen police officers have also lost their lives in the clashes. 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Over the years donations like this have saved the UK taxpayer a considerable amount of money." But what happens when Sandhurst's friends become enemies? In 2001, then-prime minister Tony Blair visited Damascus, marking a warming of relations between the UK and Syria. Shortly after, in 2003, Sandhurst was training officers from the Syrian armed forces. Now, of course, Syria is an international pariah. Journalist Michael Cockerell has written about Libyan dictator Colonel Gaddafi's time at the Army School of Education in Beaconsfield in 1966: "Three years [later], Gaddafi followed a tradition of foreign officers trained by the British Army. He made use of his newfound knowledge to seize political power in his own country." Ahmed Ali Sandhurst-trained Ahmed Ali was a key player in the Egyptian military's removal of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi That tradition persists. In the 1990s Egyptian colonel Ahmed Ali attended Sandhurst. In 2013 he was one of the key figures in the Egyptian military's removal of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi, now rewarded by a post in President Sisi's inner circle of advisers. In the late 1990s there were moves by the British government under Tony Blair to end Sandhurst's training of overseas cadets. Major-General Arthur Denaro, Middle East adviser to the defence secretary and commandant at Sandhurst in the late 1990s, describes the idea as part of the "ethical foreign policy" advocated by the late Robin Cook, then-foreign secretary. Tony Blair and Robin Cook Tony Blair and Robin Cook at one point planned to end Sandhurst's training of overseas cadets The funeral of King Hussein in 1999 appears to have scuppered the plan. "Coming to that funeral were the heads of state of almost every country in the world - and our prime minister was there, Tony Blair," says Major-General Denaro. "He happened to see me talking to heads of state - the Sultan of Brunei, the Sultan of Oman, the Bahrainis, the Saudis - and he said 'How do you know all these guys?' The answer was because they went to Sandhurst." Today, Sandhurst has reportedly trained more officer cadets from the UAE than from any other country bar the UK. The May 2014 intake included 72 overseas cadets, around 40% of whom were from the Middle East. "In the future," says Maryam al-Khawaja, acting president of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, "people will look back at how much Britain messed up in the [Middle East] because they wanted to sell more Typhoon jets to Bahrain, rather than stand behind the values of human rights and democracy." "It's one thing saying we're inculcating benign values, but that's not happening," says Habiba Hamid. Sandhurst is "a relic of the colonial past. They're not [teaching] the civic values we ought to find in democratically elected leaders." line Who else went to Sandhurst? Princes William and Harry, Winston Churchill, Ian Fleming, Katie Hopkins, Antony Beevor, James Blunt, Josh Lewsey, Devon Harris (From left to right) Princes William and Harry Sir Winston Churchill Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond (but did not complete training) Katie Hopkins, reality TV star Antony Beevor, historian James Blunt, singer-songwriter Josh Lewsey, World Cup-winning England rugby player Devon Harris, member of Jamaica's first bobsleigh team line Sandhurst says that "building international relations through military exchanges and education is a key pillar of the UK's international engagement strategy". Sandhurst may be marvellous for the UK, a country where the army is subservient to government, but it is also delivering militarily-trained officers to Middle Eastern monarchies where, often, armies seem to exist to defend not the nation but the ruling family.

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